-
The European Journal of Neuroscience Jan 2022The value of mapping musical function during awake craniotomy is unclear. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to examine the feasibility and added value of music... (Review)
Review
The value of mapping musical function during awake craniotomy is unclear. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to examine the feasibility and added value of music mapping in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. An extensive search, on 26 March 2021, in four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL register of trials), using synonyms of the words "Awake Craniotomy" and "Music Performance," was conducted. Patients performing music while undergoing awake craniotomy were independently included by two reviewers. This search resulted in 10 studies and 14 patients. Intra-operative mapping of musical function was successful in 13 out of 14 patients. Isolated music disruption, defined as disruption during music tasks with intact language/speech and/or motor functions, was identified in two patients in the right superior temporal gyrus, one patient in the right and one patient in the left middle frontal gyrus and one patient in the left medial temporal gyrus. Pre-operative functional MRI confirmed these localizations in three patients. Assessment of post-operative musical function, only conducted in seven patients by means of standardized (57%) and non-standardized (43%) tools, report no loss of musical function. With these results, we conclude that mapping music is feasible during awake craniotomy. Moreover, we identified certain brain regions relevant for music production and detected no decline during follow-up, suggesting an added value of mapping musicality during awake craniotomy. A systematic approach to map musicality should be implemented, to improve current knowledge on the added value of mapping musicality during awake craniotomy.
Topics: Brain Mapping; Brain Neoplasms; Craniotomy; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Music; Wakefulness
PubMed: 34894015
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15559 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Oct 2016Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of... (Review)
Review
Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of view of these techniques remain limited. Conversely, two-dimensional wide-field optical mapping (WFOM), a simpler technique that uses a camera to observe large areas of the exposed cortex under visible light, can detect changes in both neural activity and haemodynamics at very high speeds. Although WFOM may not provide single-neuron or capillary-level resolution, it is an attractive and accessible approach to imaging large areas of the brain in awake, behaving mammals at speeds fast enough to observe widespread neural firing events, as well as their dynamic coupling to haemodynamics. Although such wide-field optical imaging techniques have a long history, the advent of genetically encoded fluorophores that can report neural activity with high sensitivity, as well as modern technologies such as light emitting diodes and sensitive and high-speed digital cameras have driven renewed interest in WFOM. To facilitate the wider adoption and standardization of WFOM approaches for neuroscience and neurovascular coupling research, we provide here an overview of the basic principles of WFOM, considerations for implementation of wide-field fluorescence imaging of neural activity, spectroscopic analysis and interpretation of results.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Hemodynamics; Humans; Mice; Neurons; Optical Imaging; Rats
PubMed: 27574312
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0360 -
Brain, Behavior and Evolution 2023The human brain is composed of a complex web of pathways. Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) tractography is a neuroimaging technique that relies on the principle of... (Review)
Review
The human brain is composed of a complex web of pathways. Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) tractography is a neuroimaging technique that relies on the principle of diffusion to reconstruct brain pathways. Its tractography is broadly applicable to a range of problems as it is amenable for study in individuals of any age and from any species. However, it is well known that this technique can generate biologically implausible pathways, especially in regions of the brain where multiple fibers cross. This review highlights potential misconnections in two cortico-cortical association pathways with a focus on the aslant tract and inferior frontal occipital fasciculus. The lack of alternative methods to validate observations from diffusion MR tractography means there is a need to develop new integrative approaches to trace human brain pathways. This review discusses integrative approaches in neuroimaging, anatomical, and transcriptional variation as having much potential to trace the evolution of human brain pathways.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Neural Pathways; Brain; Neuroimaging; Brain Mapping
PubMed: 36972574
DOI: 10.1159/000530317 -
Trends in Neurosciences Apr 2016How perception of pain emerges from neural activity is largely unknown. Identifying a neural 'pain signature' and deriving a way to predict perceived pain from brain... (Review)
Review
How perception of pain emerges from neural activity is largely unknown. Identifying a neural 'pain signature' and deriving a way to predict perceived pain from brain activity would have enormous basic and clinical implications. Researchers are increasingly turning to functional brain imaging, often applying machine-learning algorithms to infer that pain perception occurred. Yet, such sophisticated analyses are fraught with interpretive difficulties. Here, we highlight some common and troublesome problems in the literature, and suggest methods to ensure researchers draw accurate conclusions from their results. Since functional brain imaging is increasingly finding practical applications with real-world consequences, it is critical to interpret brain scans accurately, because decisions based on neural data will only be as good as the science behind them.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Pain Perception
PubMed: 26898163
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.004 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Aug 2022Focal lesions causing specific neurological or psychiatric symptoms can occur in multiple different brain locations, complicating symptom localization. Here, we review... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Focal lesions causing specific neurological or psychiatric symptoms can occur in multiple different brain locations, complicating symptom localization. Here, we review lesion network mapping, a technique used to aid localization by mapping lesion-induced symptoms to brain circuits rather than individual brain regions. We highlight recent examples of how this technique is being used to investigate clinical entities and identify therapeutic targets.
RECENT FINDINGS
To date, lesion network mapping has successfully been applied to more than 40 different symptoms or symptom complexes. In each case, lesion locations were combined with an atlas of human brain connections (the human connectome) to map heterogeneous lesion locations causing the same symptom to a common brain circuit. This approach has lent insight into symptoms that have been difficult to localize using other techniques, such as hallucinations, tics, blindsight, and pathological laughter and crying. Further, lesion network mapping has recently been applied to lesions that improve symptoms, such as tremor and addiction, which may translate into new therapeutic targets.
SUMMARY
Lesion network mapping can be used to map lesion-induced symptoms to brain circuits rather than single brain regions. Recent findings have provided insight into long-standing clinical mysteries and identified testable treatment targets for circuit-based and symptom-based neuromodulation.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Connectome; Forecasting; Humans; Tremor
PubMed: 35788098
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001085 -
Journal of Neuroscience Methods Mar 2012Functional magnetic resonance imaging allows precise localization of brain regions specialized for different perceptual and higher cognitive functions. However,...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging allows precise localization of brain regions specialized for different perceptual and higher cognitive functions. However, targeting these deep brain structures for electrophysiology still remains a challenging task. Here, we propose a novel framework for MRI-stereotactic registration and chamber placement for precise electrode guidance to recording sites defined in MRI space. The proposed "floating frame" approach can be used without usage of ear bars, greatly reducing pain and discomfort common in standard stereotactic surgeries. Custom pre-surgery planning software was developed to automatically solve the registration problem and report the set of parameters needed to position a stereotactic manipulator to reach a recording site along arbitrary, non-vertical trajectories. Furthermore, the software can automatically identify blood vessels and assist in finding safe trajectories to targets. Our approach was validated by targeting different regions in macaque monkeys and rats. We expect that our method will facilitate recording in new brain areas and provide a valuable tool for electrophysiologists.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Electrodes; Electrophysiology; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Stereotaxic Techniques; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 22192950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.11.031 -
NeuroImage Aug 2012Caret software is widely used for analyzing and visualizing many types of fMRI data, often in conjunction with experimental data from other modalities. This article... (Review)
Review
Caret software is widely used for analyzing and visualizing many types of fMRI data, often in conjunction with experimental data from other modalities. This article places Caret's development in a historical context that spans three decades of brain mapping--from the early days of manually generated flat maps to the nascent field of human connectomics. It also highlights some of Caret's distinctive capabilities. This includes the ease of visualizing data on surfaces and/or volumes and on atlases as well as individual subjects. Caret can display many types of experimental data using various combinations of overlays (e.g., fMRI activation maps, cortical parcellations, areal boundaries), and it has other features that facilitate the analysis and visualization of complex neuroimaging datasets.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Software
PubMed: 22062192
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.077 -
NeuroImage Aug 2012The opportunity to explore the human connectome using cutting-edge neuroimaging methods has elicited widespread interest. How far will the field be able to progress in... (Review)
Review
The opportunity to explore the human connectome using cutting-edge neuroimaging methods has elicited widespread interest. How far will the field be able to progress in deciphering long-distance connectivity patterns and in relating differences in connectivity to phenotypic characteristics in health and disease? We discuss the daunting nature of this challenge in relation to specific complexities of brain circuitry and known limitations of in vivo imaging methods. We also discuss the excellent prospects for continuing improvements in data acquisition and analysis. Accordingly, we are optimistic that major insights will emerge from human connectomics in the coming decade.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Nerve Net; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 22245355
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.032 -
Cell and Tissue Research Jan 2021The ability of the olfactory system to detect and discriminate a broad spectrum of odor molecules with extraordinary sensitivity relies on a wide range of odorant... (Review)
Review
The ability of the olfactory system to detect and discriminate a broad spectrum of odor molecules with extraordinary sensitivity relies on a wide range of odorant receptors and on the distinct architecture of neuronal circuits in olfactory brain areas. More than 1000 odorant receptors, distributed almost randomly in the olfactory epithelium, are plotted out in two mirror-symmetric maps of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, the first relay station of the olfactory system. How does such a precise spatial arrangement of glomeruli emerge from a random distribution of receptor neurons? Remarkably, the identity of odorant receptors defines not only the molecular receptive range of sensory neurons but also their glomerular target. Despite their key role, odorant receptors are not the only determinant, since the specificity of neuronal connections emerges from a complex interplay between several molecular cues and electrical activity. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying olfactory circuit formation. In particular, recent findings on the role of odorant receptors in regulating axon targeting and of spontaneous activity in the development and maintenance of synaptic connections are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Odorants; Olfactory Bulb
PubMed: 33404841
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03348-w -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Feb 2015The Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas is a mesoscale whole brain axonal projection atlas of the C57Bl/6J mouse brain. Anatomical trajectories throughout the brain... (Review)
Review
The Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas is a mesoscale whole brain axonal projection atlas of the C57Bl/6J mouse brain. Anatomical trajectories throughout the brain were mapped into a common 3D space using a standardized platform to generate a comprehensive and quantitative database of inter-areal and cell-type-specific projections. This connectivity atlas has several desirable features, including brain-wide coverage, validated and versatile experimental techniques, a single standardized data format, a quantifiable and integrated neuroinformatics resource, and an open-access public online database (http://connectivity.brain-map.org/). Meaningful informatics data quantification and comparison is key to effective use and interpretation of connectome data. This relies on successful definition of a high fidelity atlas template and framework, mapping precision of raw data sets into the 3D reference framework, accurate signal detection and quantitative connection strength algorithms, and effective presentation in an integrated online application. Here we describe key informatics pipeline steps in the creation of the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas and include basic application use cases.
Topics: Animals; Atlases as Topic; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Informatics; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 25536338
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.12.013